Visual Spectacle

Phantasmagoria, 1799, Paris.

Phineas Taylor Barnum, American, 1810-1891.

Siren Fish.  Source link here.

1889 Paris

Moulin Rouge about 1900.

Moulin Rouge performer.

1900

Minstrel

Slapstick

White people in black face. 

After Civil War, black people in black face.

National art from 1850.

Represented black America. 

Influenced perception.

Controversy

Translate formal to general.

Decline after Civil War, 1865 - PT Barnum, Vaudeville. 

Civil Rights, 1960's.

Source link here.

Jim Crow.  1828.  Image source link here.
Racial segregation laws enacted Reconstruction estimate 1870. In effect until Civil Rights Era, 1960's
Jim Crow was not a person.
Character in 19th century minstrel song, stereotype.
Jump Jim Crow by Thomas D. Rice in blackface

Vaudeville, New York

1880's - 1930's

variety

Origins - Minstrel, freak shows, museums.

1900.  Source link here.